frame;
absorber;
a heat exchanger inside which the coolant will circulate;
reflectors for focusing sun rays.
The factory collector for heating water from the sun works as follows:
Heat absorption - sun rays pass through the glass located on top of the body or through vacuum tubes. The internal absorbent layer, in contact with the heat exchanger, is painted with selective paint. When sun rays hit the absorber, a large amount of heat is released, which is collected and used to heat water.
Heat transfer - the absorber is in close contact with the heat exchanger. The heat accumulated by the absorber and transferred to the heat exchanger heats the liquid moving through the tubes to the coil inside the heat accumulator tank. Water circulation in the water heater is carried out by forced or natural means.
DHW - two principles of hot water heating are used:
Direct heating - hot water after heating is simply discharged into a heat-insulated container. In a monoblock solar system, ordinary household water is used as a heat carrier.
The second option is to provide DHW with a passive water heater using the principle of indirect heating. The coolant (often antifreeze) is directed under pressure to the heat exchanger of the solar collector. After heating, the heated liquid is fed to the storage tank, inside which a coil is built in (playing the role of a heating element), surrounded by water for the hot water supply system.
The coolant heats the coil, thereby transferring heat to the water in the tank. When the tap is opened, the heated water from the heat-accumulating tank goes to the point of water intake. The peculiarity of the solar system with indirect heating is the ability to work throughout the year.
The operating principle used in expensive factory-made solar systems is copied and repeated in self-made collectors.
The working structures of solar water kazakhstan mobile database have a similar structure. They are only made from scrap materials. There are schemes for producing collectors from:
Judging by the diagrams, modern "Kulibins" prefer homemade systems with natural circulation, thermosiphon type. The peculiarity of the solution is that the storage tank is located at the top point of the DHW. Water circulates by gravity in the system and is supplied to the consumer.
They are made from honeycomb panels, which have good thermal insulation properties. The thickness of the sheets is from 4 to 30 mm. The choice of polycarbonate thickness depends on the required heat transfer. The thicker the sheet and the cells in it, the more water the installation can heat.
To make a solar system yourself, in particular a homemade solar water heater made of polycarbonate, you will need the following materials: