Capacitors can be classified according to various criteria.

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The electric current is interrupted after the capacitor is charged to its nominal capacity, since there is a dielectric layer between the plates, it cannot flow continuously. When the power source is disconnected, charges will remain on the capacitor, and therefore voltage will remain on its terminals.

The charges accumulated on each of the plates are opposite. Accordingly, the plate that was connected to the positive terminal of the power source is charged positively, and the one that was connected to the negative terminal is charged negatively. The principle of operation of this product is based on the attraction of opposite charges in an electric circuit.

In simple terms, a capacitor will store the energy that was transferred from the power source – that is its purpose. However, in practice, there are various losses and leaks.

Interesting! The Leyden jar is a prototype of modern capacitors, born in 1745. This device was able to accumulate energy and extract sparks when its plates were short-circuited. You can greece mobile database the appearance and design below.

And in the figure below you see the design of the simplest flat capacitor - two plates separated by a dielectric:

Since the capacity is directly proportional to the area of ​​the plates and inversely proportional to the distance between them, in order to increase the capacity, engineers developed a number of other forms of capacitors. For example, plates rolled into a spiral - so their area became many times larger with the same overall dimensions, as well as cylindrical and spherical solutions.

One of the laws of commutation states that the voltage on the capacitor plates cannot change abruptly, which is illustrated by the following miniature.

Types

By constancy of capacity: